| AGA
|
American
Gas Association. |
| AISI
|
American
Iron and Steel Institute. |
| ANSI
|
American
National Standards Institute. Formerly the ASA
American Standards Assoc. |
| API
|
American
Petroleum Institute. |
| ASME
|
American
Society for Mechanical Engineers. |
| ASTM
|
American
Society of Testing Materials. |
| AWWA
|
American
Water Works Association. |
| Bales
|
Term
associated with banded lifts of pipe. |
| Barlow's
Formula |
An
equation which shows the relationship of internal
pressure to allowable stress, nominal thickness and
diameter. |
| Bevel
|
The
angle formed between the prepared edge of the end of the
pipe and a plane perpendicular to the surface of the
member. The standard bevel for line pipe is
30o to facilitate welding. |
| Billet
|
A
solid semi finished round or square product that has
been hot worked by forging, rolling or extrusion. For
seamless tubular products, the billet is heated and
pierced to form a tube hollow. |
| Black Bare
|
Term
associated with pipe surface whereby the pipe will not
be coated with mill spray oil and grease spots and
cutting oil will not be removed. |
| Black Dry
|
Term
associated with pipe surface whereby the pipe will not
only be coated with mill spray oil and all grease spots
and cutting oil will be removed by
washing. |
| Black Oiled
|
Term
associated with pipe surface whereby material ordered in
this manner is protected with a varnish type oil on the
O.D. for temporary corrosion protection during transit
and in short term storage. |
|
Black Pipe
|
Denotes
lacquered OD finish (as opposed to bare or
galvanized) |
|
Box
|
Internal
(female) threaded end |
|
Brinell
|
Hardness
testing system which measures indentation of the subject
using a standard weight, shaped
point |
|
BTC
|
Buttress
threaded and coupled |
| Bundles
|
Term
associated with practice of packaging NPS 1 1/2" and
smaller pipe. Pieces per bundle vary depending upon
size. |
| Burst Test
|
A
destructive hydraulic test employed to determine actual
yield strength and ultimate strength of both seamless
and welded pipe. |
| Butt-weld
Pipe |
See
Continuous Weld. |
|
Casing
|
Pipe
used as a structural retainer for the walls of a drilled
hole |
|
CFT
|
Hundred
foot (sometimes used in pricing, i.e. $425.97/cft vs.
$4.2597/ft.) |
| Chamfer
|
A
beveled surface to eliminate an otherwise sharp
corner. |
| Chemical
Properties |
Normally
associated with a limited number of chemical elements;
however, depending upon the specification, practically a
full analysis may be required. Minimum or maximum limits
are established in Standards. |
|
Cold
Drawn |
Pipe
or tubing which is pulled through a die to reduce
diameter and wall. This process usually produces
closer tolerances and higher
strength. |
| Cold Work
|
Deforming
metal plastically at a temperature lower than the
recrystallization temperature. Mechanical or hydraulic
expansion employed to achieve higher mechanical
properties. |
| Conduit
|
Pipe
serving as a duct for electrical
wiring. |
| Continuous
Weld |
In
common usage, a phrase for continuous butt weld. Furnace
welded pipe produced in continuous lengths from coiled
skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths,
having its longitudinal butt joint forge welded by the
mechanical pressure developed in rolling the hot formed
skelp through a series of round pass welding
rolls. |
| Coupling
|
Threaded
sleeve used to connect two lengths of
pipe. |
| Cut Lengths
|
Pipe
cut to a specific length as ordered. |
|
CW
|
Continuous
Weld a method of producing small diameter pipe (1/2 -
4") |
|
CWT
|
Hundred
Weight. Often used in handling or trucking
pricing, i.e. .30/cwt load out charge or $1.65/cwt
(freight) with a minimum such as
30,000#. |
| Die Stamping
|
Permanent
marking placed on pipe as required by some
specifications. |
| Double Extra
Strong |
Standard
pipe weight designation (XXS). Sometimes described as
XXH (double extra heavy). |
|
Drift
|
Minimum
ID clearance verified by pulling a mandrel of known size
through a length of pipe |
| DRL
|
Double
Random Length (35' minimum average or as defined in
specifications). |
| DSAW
|
Double
Submerged Arc Weld. |
| Ductility
|
The
ability of a material to deform plastically without
fracturing, being measured by elongation or reduction of
area in a tensile test or by other
means. |
| Eddy Current
Testing |
Non
destructive testing method in which eddy current flow is
induced in the test object. Changes in the flow caused
by variations in the object are reflected into a nearby
coil or coils for subsequent analysis by suitable
instrumentation and techniques. |
| Elongation
|
In
tensile testing, the increase in the gage length,
measured after fracture of the specimen within the gage
length, usually expressed as a percentage of the
original gage length. |
|
EMI
|
Electromagnetic
inspection a method of determining wall thickness and
detecting imperfections in steel
tubes |
| ERW
|
Electric
Resistance Weld. See High Frequency
Welding. |
|
EUE
|
External
upset ends forging of ends on (API) tubing and drill
pipe to provide additional thickness for strengthening
connections |
| EW
|
Electric
Weld. See High Frequency Weld. |
| Expanded
Pipe |
Pipe
which has been enlarged circumferentially by mechanical
or hydraulic pressure. |
| Extra Strong
|
Standard
pipe weight designation (XS). Sometimes described as XH
(extra heavy). |
| Flattening
Test |
A
quality test for pipe in which a specimen is flattened
between parallel plates that are closed to a specified
height. |
|
FLD
|
Full
Length Drift (as opposed to "end drift") usually
performed as part of used tubing or casing (OCTG)
inspection |
|
Flush
Joint |
Connection
with male and female threads cut directly into
the pipe (as opposed to T&C). This provides
the same ID and OD clearance as in the middle of the
tube, once lengths are
joined. |
|
FOB
|
Free
On Board used to denote where pipe is to be provided to
the buyer |
| Galvanizing
|
Covering
of iron or steel surfaces with a protective layer of
zinc (weight defined in
specifications). |
|
Hardfacing
|
Abrasion
resistant metal applied by welding (usually in strips)
on the surface of softer material to increase wear
properties |
| High
Frequency Welding |
A
technique employed in the manufacture of electric
resistance weld pipe. Typical radio frequency power for
welding is supplied at 450,000
cycles/sec. |
| Hot Stamp
|
Permanent
marking placed on pipe as employed by manufacturer or as
established by specification. |
| Hydrostatic
Test |
Normal
mill test as required by specifications. The pipe ends
are sealed and high pressure water is introduced to
predetermined pressures as required by
specifications. |
| I.D.
|
Inside
Diameter. |
| Impact Test
|
A test
performed at a specified temperature (usually lower than
ambient) to determine the behavior of materials when
subjected to high rates of loading, usually in bending,
tension or torsion. The quantity measured is the energy
absorbed in breaking the specimen by a single blow, as
in a Charpy Test. |
| Ink Mark
|
Continuous
printing identification associated with NPS 1 1/2 and
smaller pipe. Detail is normally limited to the
trademark and "Made in USA". |
|
Joint
|
One
length of pipe |
| Kip
|
A unit
of weight equal to 1,000 pounds used to express dead
weight. |
| Lifts
|
Term
associated with separated segments of pipe (banded or
unbanded for ease of handling). |
|
LS
|
Limited
Service pipe not meeting specification, usually rejected
at the mill |
|
LT
|
Loaded
Trucks used in price quotation to indicate seller pays
for handling |
|
LTC
|
Long
Thread and Coupling (OCTG casing
connection) |
| Magnetic
Particle |
One of
several methods of non destructive testing. A non
destructive method of inspection for determining the
existence and extent of possible defects in
ferromagnetic materials. Finely divided magnetic
particles, applied to the magnetized part, are attracted
to and outline the pattern of and magnetic leakage
fields created by discontinuities. |
| Magnetic
Properties |
The
properties of a material that reveal its elastic and
inelastic behavior where force is applied, thereby
indicating its suitability for mechanical application;
for example, tensile strength, elongation, hardness and
fatigue limit. |
|
Mid
Weld |
Two or more
joints welded to form a longer one |
|
Nipple
|
Short
length of pipe (<12") threaded on both
ends |
|
Nominal
|
Pipe
size or wall thickness as specified (not actual).
Sizes refer to approximate ID, even though OD is
the fixed dimension. |
| Normalizing
|
Heating
a ferrous material to a suitable temperature above the
transformation range and then cooling in air to a
temperature substantially below the transformation
range. |
| NPS
|
A
dimensionless designator for such traditional terms as
"nominal diameter", "size", and "nominal size".
Corresponds to actual outside diameter only in sizes 14
inches and over. |
|
NUE
|
Non
upset end OCTG tubing description (not as common as
EUE) |
| O.D.
|
Outside
Diameter. |
|
OCTG
|
Oil
Country Tubular Goods pipe made to API
specifications |
| Oiled
|
See
Black Oiled. |
| PE
|
Plain
End. |
|
PEB
|
Plain
End Beveled |
| Pickling
|
Pipe
immersed into acid bath for removal of scale, oil, dirt,
etc. |
|
Pin
|
External
(male) threaded end |
|
Protector
|
Plastic,
steel or composite cap to protect threads from handling
damage |
| PSI
|
Pounds
per square inch. |
| PSIG
|
Pounds
per square inch gage. |
| R & D
|
Reamed
and Drifted. Pipe commonly used in water wells which has
a special, heavy duty coupling and a guaranteed I.D.
clearance. |
|
Range
|
(R1,
R2, R3) lengths of OCTG (Range 1
casing 16-25') (Range 2 casing 25-34') (Range 3 casing
34-48') (Range 1 tubing 20-24') (Range 2 tubing
28-32') |
|
Rockwell
Hardness |
Relative
resistance of a metal to indentation by a diamond cone,
as expressed in hardness scale units (A, B, C or
G) |
|
SAW
|
Submerged arc
weld a method of producing very large OD
pipe |
| SC
|
Square
cut plain end pipe. |
|
Schedule
|
Numbers
assigned to different wall thicknesses of pipe (i.e.
sch. 40) |
|
SEA
|
Special
End Area inspection to check for defects at either end
of a steel tube which is also being inspected
electronically. (EMI misses the
ends.) |
|
Shoe
|
Sub
sometimes run on bottom of casing string with special
metallurgy or design to help pipe to bottom through
tight or bridged spots in drill
hole |
| Skelp
|
A
piece or strip of metal produced to a suitable
thickness, width and edge configuration, from which
welded pipe is made. |
| SMLS
|
Seamless. |
|
Spec
|
Specification |
| SRL
|
Single
Random Length (16-22 ft. for standard weight ASTM pipe
or as defined in specifications). |
|
STC
|
Short
Thread and Coupling (OCTG casing
connection) |
|
STD
|
Standard
reference to wall thickness of line pipe (=sch. 40 for
1/8 - 10") |
| Stencil
|
Paint
spray identification placed on pipe. Specification size,
wall, grade, test pressure, method of manufacture and
normal mill characters and mill identification are
usually included; however, detail varies by
specification. "Country of Origin" is included.
|
| Stretch
Reduction |
A
technique employed in the manufacture of continuous weld
pipe and in certain instances in the manufacture of
seamless and electric resistance weld pipe. It involves
one or several "master" sizes which are stretch reduced
or rolled under tension through a number of stands to
achieve a variety of standard pipe diameters and
walls. |
| Strip
|
A
sheet of metal in which the length is many times the
width. |
|
Sub
|
A
short coupling with different types and/or sizes of
ends |
| T&C
|
Threaded
and Coupled. |
|
T&D
|
Tested
and Drifted one method of verifying integrity of used
tubing and casing (OCTG). "Test" refers to
hydrostatic: ends are sealed and water pumped
inside to a predetermined pressure. See
drift def. above. |
| TBE
|
Threaded
Both Ends. |
| Tensile
Strength |
In
tensile testing, the ratio of maximum load to original
cross sectional area. Also, called ultimate strength.
Usually expressed in pounds per square
inch. |
| TO
|
Threads
Only. |
|
Tolerance
|
Specified
allowance (plus or minus) of the given dimension of a
finished product due to inaccuracies in manufacturing;
usually quite small (thousandths of an inch or very
small percentage) and often part of a standard such as
ASTM or API. |
|
Tool Joint
|
Threaded
tube, usually thicker and harder, welded onto pipe to
provide joint strength and durability exceeding that of
flush joint or T&C connections |
| Tube Round
|
See
Billet. |
| Ultrasonic
|
An
electronic method of non destructive testing utilizing
sound waves. |
|
Victaulic
|
Joint
grooves in the ends of pipe to accommodate a
coupling |
|
XHY
|
Extra
Heavy pipe about 50% thicker than standard (=sch. 80 for
1/8 - 8") |
|
XXHY
|
Double
Extra Heavy twice as thick as xhy for ½ -
6" |
| Yield
Strength |
The
stress at which a material exhibits a specified
deviation from proportionality of stress and strain. An
offset of 0.2% is used for many metals including steels.
|
| |
Wyoming
Made